A look at the massive tax changes expected during 2021 to go into effect in 2022. What’s in the Biden Tax Plan? New Estate Taxes or “Death Taxes” expected to increase dramatically. Strategies for 2021, the “Golden Year” to shelter against coming tax changes.
By James L. Cunningham Jr., Esq.
I pride myself on not being overly dramatic, and I try hard not to be political when I advise my clients. But I don’t think I’m overstating the case when I say that during the course of 2021 we will see a tidal wave of tax code changes—building to create a full-blown tsunami hitting in January of 2022.
I say January 2022 because it generally takes that long to implement tax increases—they’re just too complicated for the government to pull off before a January 1 start date. In addition, the government will not want to hit people with new taxes as we (hopefully) come out of the pandemic.
For anyone with significant assets, that gives you less than a year to protect yourself through advance planning and some highly pro-active legal steps. In fact, I’m calling 2021 the “Golden Year.” A once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to ensure that you, your family, and your heirs enjoy the full benefit of whatever golden egg you’ve managed to store away.
Not Just the “Wealthy” Should Take Action
What are “significant assets”? I’d say anyone with $2 million or more in net worth should seek advice immediately—and your net worth includes savings, investments, your home, rentals, commercial/industrial properties, art, IRAs, along with death benefits from life insurance or annuities…in short, everything.
Yes, $2 million in net worth isn’t that much these days, especially if you own a home in California, but it’s pretty certain that if the tax changes don’t hit you now, they’ll hit your estate hard when you pass away. It’s likely your estate will be worth much more in the future—but you need to take the action to protect it now.
If you own over $5 million in net assets, you’d better get to work fast. A good place to begin would be a visit to our overview of Advanced Tax Planning for High Net-Worth Families.
California Already Being Hit by Tax Changes from the Election
In California, the tsunami that started building on election day may be especially overwhelming. Already with Prop 19, we’ve largely lost the right to pass on our Prop 13 tax assessment caps to our children. The coming changes will eat away at many other inheritance rights, and California tax codes will add a big additional multiplier to expected shifts in capital gains and other taxes.
This is not a political statement, it’s just the facts.
What We Know about the Joe Biden Tax Policy
What is Biden’s tax plan? As of this writing, we don’t yet know the exact shape of tax changes to come under the Biden Administration, but we know a lot. That’s because Joe Biden put out some pretty specific plans during his campaign, and the Democrats now effectively control both houses of Congress. The United States Treasury has also released its “Green Book” that details some of the current administration’s tax plan.
Importantly, federal law does not require more than a simple majority in the two houses to raise taxes – only to lower them. So Vice President Kamala Harris’s tie-breaking vote in the Senate will undoubtedly be enough to enable Biden raising taxes.
I am also not being political when I say that the goal of these changes will be the redistribution of wealth. If you are a Democrat, I hope you are not offended by that statement. We certainly do have a massive inequality of wealth in this nation, and I expect the discussion to be pretty direct on the subject. In the early Seventies, the marginal rate for Federal Estate Tax was a whopping 77%, and the stated purpose in the Internal Revenue documents was, and still is, to redistribute wealth.
We’re likely headed further down that road again.
Modern Monetary Theory and the “Magic Money Tree”
Underlying much of the coming change over the next few years will be the prevailing, “modern” monetary theory, often called The Magic Money Tree. Under this theory, which appears to be supported by the new Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen along with other key players, the government can effectively print money to stimulate the economy without triggering too much inflation—as long as it pulls the froth off the economy with higher taxes.
The result, in theory, is not just stimulus without inflation, but wealth redistribution over time. If that sounds too much like magic—well, we may find out soon.
Specific Changes to Expect in the Tax Code
Let’s do a quick rundown of specific, expected tax changes from the Biden Administration, starting with the most dramatic. Then we’ll talk about what you can do to protect yourself in advance.
- Limit the Step-Up Basis for Inherited Assets to $1M. No single change to tax law would have a greater effect on the distribution of inherited wealth than the limitation of the Step-Up Basis on inherited assets proposed by President Biden. As of now, if your parent bought a stock for $100,000 that went up in value to $2,000,000 during their lifetime, and they don’t sell that stock before they die, when you inherit you do not have to pay tax on their capital gain. Instead, a new tax “Step-Up Basis” is established at a person’s death, and the heirs only have to pay for gains made after that death. The same is currently true for certain assets between spouses in community property states—when a husband dies, for example, the wife gets a new cost basis on their house.
Limiting the Step-Up Basis would greatly increase the amount of federal tax income and state tax income. It could also mean that you would have to pay for all of the unrealized capital gains over $1M during your parent’s lifetime, even though those gains happened before you owned the asset—and even though you have not yet liquidated the asset.
Biden’s plan would also force realization of these gains whenever a property is gifted during a lifetime! That would be a radical departure from current law.
For any family that owns a home, owns stock, owns property—or anything that increases in value over time—the result for the family could be catastrophic at the time of death. Indeed, it might mean that an heir would be forced to immediately sell an asset in order to pay the retroactive tax.
When Steve Jobs died, he had about $450 million in stocks which had appreciated over the years from a low basis. His widow received all $450 million in stocks free and clear because of the Step-Up basis. Under the Biden plan, would she have received even half that?
Could this change occur during 2021 and go into effect in 2022? Because of the balance in the legislature, it’s entirely possible. The impact might be greatest on widows and widowers who would no longer be able to sell a house after a spouse’s death tax-free, or if they don’t sell, start a depreciation. Canada has no Step-Up Basis at death, and it has a vast impact on transfer of wealth.
- Big Increase in the Estate Tax or “Death Tax.” No tax fluctuates more in America, administration to administration, than the Estate Tax. This “Death Tax” is the cut from an estate paid to the government after someone passes away (or after the passing of both spouses, if jointly held). Right now, the estate tax is 40% and it presently only affects people with $11.7 million in individual assets, or $23.4 million in joint assets. During his campaign, Joe Biden proposed raising the Estate Tax base rate to 45% with an exemption of just $3.5 million per individual, which was the case as recently as 2009. In reality, however, when combined with the loss of the Step-Up Basis and with higher capital gains taxes, that could easily translate up to 67.3% (and over 80% for Californians) on all assets (See the analysis chart for $100M below). Many families not now subject to the Death Tax would be massively impacted—and the entire concept of “multi-generational wealth” could be revised. It should be noted that in the Treasury Department’s “Green Book,” the current death tax exemption remains at $11.7M, but is scheduled to go down to an estimated $6.3M in 2026.
- Repeal of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) which installed a flat 21% corporate federal income tax for 2018 and beyond (down from 35% before). The Biden plan would increase the corporate tax rate to 28% with a new 15% minimum tax on corporations with at least $100 million in annual income that now pay little or no federal income tax—think of it as an AMT for corporations.
- Taxes Will Certainly Go Up If Your Income is Over $400,000. Biden made this very specific promise during the election, and you can count on him keeping it. Look for a jump from a 37% tax rate to around 39.6% under the Biden tax rates. This will also impact payroll taxes paid by employers.
- Related New Social Security Taxes for Over $400,000. In 2020, a 12.4% Social Security tax was taken only from the first $137,700 of wages. Biden has proposed a 12.4% on wages and on net self-employment income over $400,000. This could be an especially huge hit on small business owners, and could become a “hidden” Biden small business tax.
- Limit Itemized Deductions to 28% of Tax Bill while Eliminating the $10K SALT Deduction Cap. Under this Biden plan, you would not be able to lower your federal income tax bill by more than 28 cents on the dollar, even if you are in the 39.6% maximum tax bracket. Paired with this change would be elimination of Trump’s flat $10,000 cap on deductions for State and Local Taxes on your IRS return. In high tax California, this could be a net positive for some people.
- Higher Taxes on Large Capital Gains. Right now, most capital gains are taxed at a maximum 20% rate federally. You can expect a big political fight over any increase, but Biden has proposed raising the rate to 39.6% on gains over $1M. When you add the 3.8% Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT) you’ll be paying 43.4%. A California resident will also have to pay some 13.3% in income taxes to the state. In other words, in California if you sell your expensive house, you could be looking at a total of 56.7% on the capital gain.
- Elimination of Key Real Estate Tax Breaks, Including 1031 Exchanges. Right now, using a 1031 Exchange, people can get rid of a pain-in-the-neck property like a problematic apartment building, and use that money to buy another income property while delaying payment of capital gains. That delay can even run until one spouse dies and the new property gets sold tax-free by the surviving spouse—thanks to the existing Step-Up Basis rule. Biden has proposed getting rid of both 1031s and the Step-Up basis.
- Increase in Gift Tax Rate and California Tax Rates. Other distinct possibilities include an increase in the Gift Tax from 40% to 45%, and a proposed rise in the California State Income Tax, which seems likely given California’s penchant for new and higher taxes.
- Some Nice-to-Have Breaks: Biden has proposed increasing child- and dependent-care credits from $2K to $4K for one child, or $8K for two or more. He’s also proposed a $15K tax credit for first-time homebuyers. Nice to have, but not much impact for high net-worth individuals.
- Green Energy Tax Changes will likely come along, including deductions for investments in certain residential and commercial buildings with solar infrastructure, as well as credits for buying electric vehicles. Fossil fuel companies will likely see the elimination of federal income tax deductions for oil and gas drilling costs and depletion. These changes may be a mix of problems and new opportunities for investors.
- Overall Effect: From the studies I’ve looked at, it’s realistic to assume that under these proposals, the upper 1% of the population would see about 7.7 percent less income, the other 99% about 1.9 percent less income as taxes are raised by about $3.3 trillion over 10 years. GDP might go down by about 1.62 percent, despite the expected post-pandemic boom.
The Effect of Biden’s Proposed Taxes on Wealthy Estates at Death
For a high net-worth family, the proposed taxes and the long-term impact on multi-generational wealth would be profound. Here’s a breakdown from the Tax Foundation, who took a look at a family with $100 million in assets.
To be clear, you wouldn’t have to have $100 million to see a result like this. You could have just $5 million. We’re just using 100 because it’s easy to see the math. In this model, for simplicity’s sake, we’re assuming a $100 million capital gain during your lifetime.
When you die, the reality could look like this for your heirs, once the impact of new estate and capital gains taxes are combined:
How Can I Protect Against New Biden Taxes?
For generations, wealthy families have used well-established strategies to minimize income taxes, capital gains taxes, gift taxes, property taxes, death taxes, and generation-skipping transfer taxes.
As we’ve seen, under the new reality, a “wealthy” family may now have as little as $2 million in net assets including their home, savings, investments, insurance, and more. And under this new reality, these “wealthy” families need to start using some of the same strategies once used only by the very rich.
If you have $2 million assets now, the chance that you will have $3.5 million or more in assets when you die, and that your estate becomes subject to that projected 67.3% estate tax, is very high.
Only careful advance planning now can prevent that result.
Releasing Ownership While Retaining Control
This article cannot go into all the complexities of protecting your assets from new taxes. Every circumstance is different, and some strategies are open to some which are not open to others. That said, the general principle is simple, and high net-worth families have understood it for years: Retain control of assets while giving up ownership.
Or put another way: you are taxed on what you own, not on what you control. In the grand scheme of things, however, it doesn’t really matter what you own, it only matters what you control.
A mix of legal strategies for retaining control while giving up ownership might include:
- Creating an Irrevocable Trust which transfers property into the names of your heir or heirs immediately, while retaining rights to an income stream for a period of years or for life.
- Creating a Limited Liability Company (LLC) to own certain properties while retaining control and paying you income.
- Creating a Private Retirement Plan in California to protect certain assets.
- Creating an IRA Legacy Trust in a state without a state income tax.
- Creating a Charitable Trust that pays you or your loved ones benefits while living.
- Using a Grantor Retained Annuity Trust (GRAT).
- Using a Spousal Lifetime Access Trust (SLAT).
- Using a Sale to an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust (IDGT).
- Using a Private Annuity.
- Completing key real estate transactions, such as 1031 exchanges, before laws are changed.
- Gifting before the laws change (see below).
Such strategies must be carefully established by a law firm with serious tax planning experience among high net-worth clients—as oftentimes, the true success of the plan is not tested until you yourself have passed away. You may wish to visit our own page detailing the tax-planning service we offer to families with more than $5 million in assets.
Most importantly, all these strategies must be executed well before you pass away, before the tax people come calling, and generally, before new legislation goes into effect.
In other words, act now.
Another Looming Deadline: Gifting Law Change January 1, 2026
Any strategy which involves the gifting of property must be executed especially quickly, because of a looming deadline that has nothing to do with the Biden tax plan.
On December 31, 2025 current death and gift tax laws change: gifts made within the three years before your death come back into your estate, and can be subject to a Death Tax.
As a practical result, that means you should make any substantial gift before the end of the day on December 31, 2022. Otherwise, if you die after January 1, 2026 the gift can come back into your estate with a lower exemption, and your strategies will have been for naught.
Does that mean you can wait until 2022 to get this done? I say no, because the Biden tax plans will likely go into effect in 2022, and it may be too late to do what you need to do.
Advanced Tax Planning Consultation at CunninghamLegal
In the shadow of this coming tsunami of change, I urge you to step back to take stock of your family’s challenges and opportunities. I also urge you to consult with a qualified attorney and tax planning specialist, not just a bookkeeper or CPA, about your options.
What Do We Do as California Estate Planning Attorney Specialists?
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Make an appointment to meet with CunninghamLegal for California Estate Planning and Trust Administration. We have offices throughout California, and we offer in-person, phone, and Zoom appointments. Just call (866) 988-3956 or book an appointment online.
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We look forward to working with you!
Best, Jim
James L. Cunningham Jr., Esq.
Founder, CunninghamLegal
At CunninghamLegal, we guide savvy, caring families in the protection and transfer of multi-generational wealth.
